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Health benefits of Vitamin K2

  • Bone Health
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    • Leutner, M. et al, Diagnosis of osteoporosis in statin-treated patients is dose-dependent, Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 78(12), 1706-1711, 2019

    • Harumi Okuyama et. al, Statins stimulate atherosclerosis and heart failure: pharmacological mechanisms, Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology, 81(2), 189-288, 2015

    • Marjo H. J. Knapen et al, Three-year low-dose menaquinone-7 supplementation helps decrease bone loss in healthy postmenopausal women, Osteoporosis International, 24(9), 2499–2507, 2013

    • Francesca Brugè et al, Olive oil supplemented with menaquinone-7 significantly affects osteocalcin Carboxylation, British Journal of Nutrition, 106: 1058–1062, 2011

    • Sofie Hertz Rønn et al, Vitamin K2 (menaquinone-7) prevents age-related deterioration of trabecular bone microar- chitecture at the tibia in postmenopausal women, European Journal of Endocrinology. 175(6), 541–549, 2016

    • Naoko Inaba et al, Low-Dose Daily Intake of Vitamin K2 (Menaquinone-7) Improves Osteocalcin γ-Carboxylation: A Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trials, Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology, 61(6), 471-80, 2015

    • O. Gajic-Veljanoski et al, Vitamin K supplementation for the primary prevention of osteoporotic fractures: is it cost-ef fective and is future research warranted? Osteoporosis International, 23(11), 2681–2692, 2012

    • Masayoshi Yamaguchi, Regulatory mechanism of food factors in bone metabolism and prevention of osteoporosis, Yakugaku Zasshi(藥學雜誌), 126(11), 1117-1137, 2006

    • Jun Iwamoto et al, Effects of vitamin K2 on osteoporosis, Current Pharmaceutical Design, 10(21), 2557–2633, 2004

    • Sang Hyeon Je, Beom-hee Choi et al, Vitamin K supplement along with vitamin D and calcium reduced serum concentra- tion of undercarboxylated osteocalcin while increasing bone mineral density in Korean postmenopausal women over sixty years-old, Journal of Korean Medical Science, 26(8),1093-1098, 2011

    • Naoko Inaba, Toshiro Sato and Takatoshi Yamashita, Low-Dose Daily Intake of Vitamin K-2 (Menaquinone-7) Im- proves Osteocalcin gamma-Carboxylation: A Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trials, Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, 61(6), 471-551, 2015.

    • Seon-Ok Bang, Kum-Suk Kim and Min-Hong Jeong, Effect of Vitamin K2 (Menaquinone-7) in Cheongukjang Powder on Bone Health Circulation in Postmenopausal Women, Korean J. Food Nutr. Vol. 29. No. 6, 978~984 (2016)

  • Dental Health
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    • Sroisiri Thaweboon et al, Induction of type I collagen and osteocalcin in human dental pulp cells by retinoic acid, Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 36(4), 1066-1069, 2005

    • Huang George T et al, Formation of odontoblast-like cells from cultured human dental pulp cells on dentin in vitro, Journal of Endodontics, 32(11), 1066-1073, 2006

    • Jun Iwamoto et al, Effects of vitamin K2 on osteoporosis, Current Pharmaceutical Design, 10(21), 2557-2633, 2004
  • Cardiovascular Health
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    • Marjo H. J. Knapen et al, Menaquinone-7 supplementation improves arterial stiffness in healthy postmenopausal women: double-blind randomised clinical trial, Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 113(5), 1135-44, 2015

    • Toshiro Sato et al, Comparison of menaquinone-4 and menaquinone-7 bioavailability in healthy women, Nutrition Journal, 11(1), 2012

    • G.W. Dalmeijer et al, The effect of menaquinone-7 supplementation on circulating species of matrix Gla protein, Atherosclerosis, 225(2), 397-402, 2012

    • Marjo H. J. Knapen et al, Pharmacokinetics of Menaquinone-7 (Vitamin K2) in Healthy Volunteers, Journal of clinical trials, 4(2), 2014

    • Sabine R. Zwakenberg et al, Vitamin K intake and all-cause and cause specific mortality, Clinical Nutrition, 36(5), 1294-1300, 2017

    • Linda E.T. Vissers et al, The relationship between vitamin K and peripheral arterial disease, Atherosclerosis, 252, 15-20, 2016

    • Ilona Kurnatowska et al, Effect of vitamin K2 on progression of atherosclerosis and vascular calcification in nondialyzed patients with chronic kidney disease stages 3–5, Polish Archives of Internal Medicine, 125(9), 631-671, 2015

    • Leon J Schurgers et al. Initiation and Propagation of Vascular Calcification Is Regulated by a Concert of Platelet- and Smooth Muscle Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles, Frontiers in Cardiovascular medicine, 5, 2018

    • Lianpu Wen et al, Vitamin K-dependent proteins involved in bone and cardiovascular health (Review), Molecular Medicine Reports, 18(1), 3–15, 2018

    • Hilary Barrett et al, Is Matrix Gla Protein Associated with Vascular Calcification? A Systematic Review, Nutrients, 10(4), 415, 2018

    • Marjo H. J. Knapen et al, Menaquinone-7 supplementation improves arterial stiffness in healthy postmenopausal women A double-blind randomized clinical trial, Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 113(5), 1135–1179, 2015

    • Marjo H. J. Knapen et al, Three-year low-dose menaquinone-7 supplementation helps decrease bone loss in healthy postmenopausal women, Osteoporosis International, 24(9), 2499–2507, 2013

    • Westenfeld Ralf et al, Effect of Vitamin K2 Supplementation on Functional Vitamin K Deficiency in Hemodialysis Patients: A Randomized Trial, American Journal of Kidney Disease, 59(2), 186–195, 2012

    • Vincent M. Brandenburg et al, Prevention of vasculopathy by vitamin K supplementation: Can we turn fiction into fact? Atherosclerosis, 240(1), 10–16, 2015

    • Maurice Halder et al, Vitamin K: Double Bonds beyond Coagulation Insights into Differences between Vitamin K1 and K2 in Health and Disease, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20(4), 896, 2019

    • Johanna M Geleijnse et al, Dietary intake of menaquinone is associated with a reduced risk of coronary heart disease: the Rotterdam Study, Journal of Nutrition, 134(11), 3100-3105,2004

  • Kidney Health
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    • Westenfeld, R. et al, Effect of Vitamin K2 supplementation on functional vitamin K deficiency in hemodialysis patients: a randomized trial, American Journal of Kidney Disease, 59(2), 186–195, 2012

    • Rogier Caluwé et al, Vitamin K2 supplementation in haemodialysis patients: a randomized dose-finding study, Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 29(7), 1385–1390, 2014

    • Halder, M. et al. Vitamin K: Double Bonds beyond Coagulation Insights into Differences between Vitamin K1 and K2 in Health and Disease, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20(4), 896, 2019

  • Brain Health
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    • Reza Lasemi et al, The role and mechanisms of vitamin K2 in multiple sclerosis, Medical University of Vienna, 2019 Moriya Masayuki et al, Vitamin K2 ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in Lewis rats, Journal of Neuroimmunology, 2005

    • Caspers, M. et al, Two enzymes catalyze vitamin K 2,3-epoxide reductase activity in mouse: VKORC1 is highly expressed in exocrine tissues while VKORC1L1 is highly expressed in brain, Thrombosis Research, 135(5), 977–983, 2015

    • Elham Hadipour et al, Vitamin K2 protects PC12 cells against Aβ (1-42) and H2O2-induced apoptosis via p38 MAP kinase pathway, Nutritional Neuroscience, 23(5), 343-352, 2020

    • Reza Lasemi et al, Vitamin K2 in multiple sclerosis patients, Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift, 130, 307–313, 2018

    • Shu-Hsiang Huang, Sheng-Ting Fang and Yi-Cheng Chen, Molecular Mechanism of Vitamin K2 Protection against Amyloid-β-Induced Cytotoxicity, Biomolecules, 11(3), 423, 2021
  • Cancer Prevention
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    • Yan Li et al. Effect of vitamin K2 on type 2 diabetes mellitus: A review, Diabetes Research and Clincal Practice, 136, 39-51, 2018

    • Shayna L Showalter et al. Naturally occurring K vitamins inhibit pancreatic cancer cell survival through a caspase-dependent pathway,Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 25(4), 738–744, 2010

    • Katharina Nimptsch et al, Dietary vitamin K intake in relation to cancer incidence and mortality: results from the Heidelberg cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-Heidelberg), The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 91(5), 1348-1406, 2010

    • Tsuyoshi Yoshida et al, Apoptosis induction of vitamin K2 in lung carcinoma cell lines: The possibility of vitamin K2 therapy for lung cancer, International Journal of Oncology, 23(3), 627-659, 2003

    • Tomotaka Lguchi et al, Combined treatment of leukemia cells with vitamin K2 and 1alpha, 25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 enhances monocytic differentiation along with becoming resistant to apoptosis by induction of cytoplasmic p21CIP1, International Journal of Oncology, 27(4), 893-900, 2005

    • Fengsen Duan et al. Vitamin K2 Induces Mitochondria-Related Apoptosis in Human Bladder Cancer Cell via ROS and JNK/p38 MAPK Signal Pathways, Plos One, 11(8), 2016